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Showing posts with label Computer. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Computer. Show all posts

Friday, 6 January 2012

10 basic softwares after installing fresh windows

So you have bought a new pc or laptop or you have installed a fresh windows, the next step would be installing essential or basic softwares which help you to increase your computer day-to-day experience. Today I am going to list down ten basic softwares, you will need for your work....

1. Updated drivers
The first most important thing are the drivers. Download all the updated drivers from online to go further... There are some software available which helps you to update all the drivers like devicedoctor or drivermax


2. Internet Browser.
Now after downloading all drivers the next is the internet explorer or any other browser to experience the internet world. I suggest to download google chrome because it is faster than others.
Download for free: Internet explorer, Google chrome

Tuesday, 27 December 2011

Use your USB as a RAM

Make faster your pc by connecting your USB drive. Just follow these simple steps:


1. Connect your USB to your PC (it must be of 2Gb or more)
2. Now right click on "my computer" to open system properties dialog
3. Now go to advanced tab
4. Under performance section click "settings".
5. A performance properties open, now go to advanced tab.
6. Under virtual memory section click on "change"
7. Now virtual memory will open select your USB drive then check custom size
8. Check the space available on your drive and enter the same in initial and maximum size.
9. Now click OK and restart your PC.


Important: Don't disconnect the USB, if you want to disconnect undo all the above steps



Speed up your work with keyboard shortcuts

Easy way to speed up your work is to learn keyboard shortcuts. Following are some basic windows shortcut keys which help you to work efficiently.


KEYS
FUNCTION
CTRL + C copy
CTRL + X  cut
CTRL + f  find
CTRL + V  paste
WIN Key+D Show the desktop
WIN Key Display or hide the Start menu
WIN Key+BREAK Display the System Properties dialog box
WIN Key+M Minimize all windows.
WIN Key+Shift+M Restores minimized windows.
WIN Key+E Open My Computer
WIN Key+F Search for a file or folder
CTRL+WIN Key+F Search for computers
WIN Key+F1 Display Windows Help
WIN Key+ L Lock your computer if you are connected to a network domain, or switch users if you are not connected to a network domain
WIN Key+R Open the Run dialog box
WIN Key+U Open Utility Manager
ALT + Tab Switch between windows
CTRL + Shift + Esc Task Manager
CTRL+TAB Move forward through tabs
CTRL+SHIFT+TAB Move backward through tabs
TAB Move forward through options
SHIFT+TAB Move backward through options.
SHIFT five times Switch StickyKeys on and off
SHIFT+DELETE Delete selected item permanently without placing the item in the Recycle Bin
CTRL+RIGHT ARROW Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next word.
CTRL+LEFT ARROW  Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous word
CTRL+DOWN ARROW Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next paragraph.
CTRL+UP ARROW Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous paragraph.
CTRL+SHIFT with any of the arrow keys Highlight a block of text.
ALT+ESC Cycle through items in the order they were opened.
ALT+TAB Switch between open items
CTRL+A  Select all.
CTRL+ESC Display the Start menu
ALT+SPACEBAR Opens the shortcut menu for the active window
 ALT+F4 Close the active item, or quit the active program
ALT+ENTER View properties for the selected item.

Thursday, 22 December 2011

Download trick for Google

There is a small trick to download anything from the google you just need to type following. Mostly it works.

parent + directory + anything that you want to download

Let me give you an example: if you want to download mp3 song of justin beiber just type

parent + directory + mp3 + justin beiber

Google will open all the directories containing mp3 songs of justin beiber. Try it now !!!

Sunday, 18 December 2011

NS-2 Installation on FEDORA and REDHAT

NS-2 INSTALLATION ON FEDORA AND REDHAT:
The installation method of NS-2 on both fedora14 and redhat are same:



 PREPARING THE ENVIRONMENT:
The first step was to check that the development environment was complete and
install any missing tools.
rpm -q wget
rpm -q gcc-c++
rpm -q libX11-devel
rpm -q xorg-x11-proto-devel
rpm -q libXt-devel
rpm -q libXmu-devel

From terminal login as super user type:
yum install autoconf
yum install automake
yum install gcc-c++
yum install libX11-devel

NS-2 Installation on ubuntu


NS-2 INSTALLATION ON UBUNTU:
First download the file and unzip it
$ wget http://nchc.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/nsnam/ns-allinone-2.34.tar.gz
$ tar -xzvf ns-allinone-2.34.tar.gz
$ cd ns-allinone-2.34
Prepare the environment and install it will take a lot of time.
$ sudo apt-get install build-essential autoconf automake libxmu-dev
$ ./install

For ubuntu 9.10, export the gcc-4.3
$ export CC=gcc-4.3

Set the environment variable so that our xgraph and nam will work properly
$ gedit ~/.bashrc

# LD_LIBRARY_PATH
OTCL_LIB=/your/path/ns-allinone-2.34/otcl-1.13
NS2_LIB=/your/path/ns-allinone-2.34/lib
X11_LIB=/usr/X11R6/lib
USR_LOCAL_LIB=/usr/local/lib



Linux basic commands

LINUX BASIC COMMANDS:
Following are some basic commands use in linux system

Terminal:
The terminal is often called the command prompt or the shell. In days gone by, this was the way the user interacted with the computer, however Linux users have found that the use of the shell can be quicker than a graphical method and still holds some merit today.

cd       Change Directory
ls       List information about file(s)
make     Recompile a group of programs
gzip     Compress or decompress named file(s)
install  Copy files and set attributes
kill     Stop a process from running
killall  Kill processes by name
sudo     Execute a command as another user
Wget     Retrieve web pages or files via HTTP, HTTPS or FTP
Apt-get  Search for and install software packages (Debian/Ubuntu):
APT (Advanced Packaging Tool) is a powerful package management
system.APT automatically handles
dependencies and performs other operations on system packages to allow the
installation of the desired package/s.
Some common commands that can be used with APT:
Install packages:
# sudo apt-get install packagename
Remove packages:
# sudo apt-get remove packagename
Retrieve new lists of packages:
# sudo apt-get update
Upgrade system with available updates:
# sudo apt-get upgrade

Directories and file system of linux

Linux and Unix file systems are organised in a hierarchical, tree-like structure. The highest level of the file system is the / or root directory. In the Unix and Linux design philosophy, everything is considered a file - including hard disks, partitions and removable media. This means that all other files and directories (including other disks and partitions) exist under the root directory.
Underneath the root (/) directory, there is a set of important system directories that are common across most Linux distributions that are used.

The following is a listing of common directories that are directly under the root (/) directory

  •         /bin - important binary applications
  •          /boot - boot configuration files
  •          /dev - the device files
  •          /etc - configuration files, startup scripts, etc...
  •          /home - local users' home directories
  •        /lib - system libraries
  •         /lost+found - provides a lost+found system for files that exist under the root (/) directory
  •          /media - mounted (loaded) removable media such as CDs, digital cameras, etc...
  •          /mnt - mounted filesystems
  •          /opt - provides a location for optional applications to be installed
  •          /proc - special dynamic directory that maintains information about the state of the system, including currently running processes
  •          /root - root user home directory, pronounced 'slash-root'
  •         /sbin - important system binaries
  •         /sys - system files
  •          /tmp - temporary files
  •          /usr - applications and files that are mostly available for all users to access
  •          /var - variable files such as logs and databases
All of the files on a Linux system have permissions that allow or prevent others from viewing, modifying or executing. The super user "root" has the ability to access any file on the system. Each file has access restrictions, user restrictions and have an owner/group association.

/bin:
The first directory we get to is /bin. Its name is derived from the word "binary." Often, the word "binary" is used to refer to executable programs or other files that contains non-readable characters. The /bin directory is where many of the system-related binaries are kept, hence the name. 

Introduction to unix and linux

INTRODUCTION TO UNIX:
UNIX is an operating system which was first developed in the 1960s, and has been under constant development ever since. By operating system, we mean the suite of programs which make the computer work. Knowledge of UNIX is required for operations which aren't covered by a graphical program, or for when there is no windows interface available, for example, in a telnet session. Unix was primarily oriented towards the command line interface, and that legacy is carried on in Linux. Thus, the graphical user interface with its windows, icons and menus are built on top of a basic command line interface. Furthermore, this means that the Linux file system is structured to be easily manageable and accessible from the command line. Many of the design conventions behind Unix also exist in Linux and are central to understanding the basics of the system

The UNIX operating system is made up of three parts:
·         The kernel
·         The shell
·         Programs

Kernel:
The kernel of UNIX is the hub of the operating system: it allocates time and memory to programs and handles the filestore and communications in response to system calls.

Shell:
The shell acts as an interface between the user and the kernel. When a user logs in, the login program checks the username and password, and then starts another program called the shell. The shell is a command line interpreter (CLI). It interprets the commands the user types in and arranges for them to be carried out.

INTRODUCTION TO LINUX:
Linux is a free multitasking, multi-user network operating system that behaves like Unix. That means Linux is not UNIX. It is a UNIX-based operating system. It was designed specifically for the 386(x86 Intel CPU) platform and released under GNU General Public License. Linux is technically only the kernel,

How to install and run fortran programs

Tutorial: How to install and run fortran programs
  1. Go to this link  http://www.silverfrost.com/32/ftn95/ftn95_personal_edition.aspx
  2. Download ftn95 personal edition and install
  3. Run PLATO IDE 
  4. Go to file then click on new select FREE FORMAT FORTRAN FILE

  5.  Click open and a blank screen will appear.
  6.  Now type your program.
  7.  Click on compile button.

  8.  Now save your file.
  9.  Now click on start button.

  10. A notice will appear click yes (appears some time) else go to next step.
  11. A black window will appear displaying your output (it will take time so be patient).

Saturday, 17 December 2011

How to make a simple virus

Make a virus that shutdown your computer (actually it is not a virus its a bat file)


1. Open notepad.
2. Type this "Shutdown -s -+5"
3. Now save it as "yourfilename.bat" for exmaple funnypic.bat (note that .bat is necessary)
4. Now make it something realistic.
5. Right click on your save file and create shortcut.
6. Right click on your shortcut file and go into properties.
7. Under the shortcut tab click on change icon and change to any icon.


Note this is only for educational purpose. Don't use it to harm anyone.


Make a never ending virus. 
Warning it may cause your computer to crash, save all data before using


1. Open notepad.
2. Type this into notepad
                 :C
                 START %0
                 GOTO :C
3. Follow all the above steps.


or 

Type "Start virus.bat" and save it with "virus.bat" name 

Thursday, 15 December 2011

Google Docs: How to use



You are working on a project or some report and you forget to save it or your software crashes and closed without saving the file or your hard disk or data storage device corrupted then google docs is one of the online easy to use word, presentation and spreadsheet editor. Through google docs many people can collaborate at a same time on a same project and you can save your important work or project online securely. The best feature of the google doc is that you can share and open your important documents from anywhere around the world. The google docs can be use between students or between teacher and students without any software, all you need is a internet connection. 
Many people prefer google docs as an alternative of Microsoft office because it is easy to use online web-based office suite, it is totally free and it can store data upto 1GB which can be access from anywhere. However keeping your documents online is insecure and you have to always connected to internet to create documents but  without paying anything its an best product online

HOW TO USE:

  1. Sign to into your Gmail account.
  2. From the top menu select documents.
  3. Now from the side panel ‘create new’.
  4. Select your desired worksheet from presentation, document, spreadsheet, form,    drawing, collection.
  5. Suppose we select document.
  6. New window will open with a text editor like Microsoft word.
  7. After completing your work save the file from top with your desired name.
  8. Now if you want to share the file to any other Gmail user then click on the share button.
  9. Enter the email addresses then click ok.
  10. Your file is shared.
  11. Do this same for spreadsheet or presentation….. 

How to make a website for beginners


Do you want to create your own website? or you want your own personal webpage where you can share your thoughts, ideas, pictures, videos, sell things, blogs or whatever you want and you don't know how to create, design and build website, so you are at right place....

Lets start with some basic knowledge

For every successful website there is a lot of time and effort is needed, but as a beginner it is important that you know HTML (Hypertext Markup Language- The main building block of a website, it consist of different tags enclosed in a angle brackets for example <html>  , <body> ,  <p> etc.)
There are several sites on the web from where you can learn HTML easily. W3schools is one of the easiest way to learn. However different other websites are also present for example developphp.
After that type all your tags on a notepad or any other editor for example:
Following is an example of simple webpage:  

<html>
<head>
<title>my first web page</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>This is my first ever web page i created</h2>
</body>
</html>

Note: Save it with ".html" file format.
When you open this save file, the file will be open